Sexual Sexuality And Sexual Practices - 933 Words

Sexual Normalcy Sexuality and sexual practices play a crucial part in how one defines oneself. The moral struggle between sinful or normal has a dramatic effect on how one views themselves, and one is perceived. When we can gain knowledge of how people process their own attitudes towards sexuality we can learn more about how humans tick. RUBIN’S RESEARCH Rubin’s prior research on the normality of certain sexual practices were the basis of this study. Rubin developed a sexual hierarchy where at the top were â€Å"good/normal† practices emphasizing monogamy and heterosexuality. While at the bottom were the â€Å"bad/abnormal† practices involving homosexuality, fetishism etc. Their research also looked at the heavy social influence on human sexuality. Rubin grouped western nations into 4 separate â€Å"sexual regimes†, the two mentioned in this study are The Sexually Conservative Cluster and the Homosexual Permissiveness cluster. PURPOSE AND HYPOTHESES The purpose of this study was to investigate Rubin s sexual hierarchy using a tailored behavior inventory in which participants indicated their perceptions of normality and abnormality about a wide range of sexual behaviors. There were 5 clearly defined hypotheses in this study. Hypothesis 1: Males participants would be more likely to perceive sexual practices as normal. Hypothesis 2: all participants would perceive a greater number of the sexual practices as normal when performed by a male actor versus a female actor Hypothesis 3:Show MoreRelatedGlobalization And Sexuality1247 Words   |  5 Pagescharacters. Sexuality refers to how people relate to sexual activities or perceive sexual matters. Sexuality may differ from one culture to the other, but the cultures are likely to influence each other’s sexual beliefs and orientation. Globalization has had an extensive influence on the changes witnessed in sexuality across the globe. It is through globalization that sexual purposes have gotten new meanings. Some of the topics which come up as a link between globalization and sexuality are sexual traffickingRead MoreSexual education programmes within school based learning have long been cause for controversy,1600 Words   |  7 PagesSexual education programmes within school based learning have long been cause for controversy, particularly in reference to which approach should be taken, what topics should be raised and at what age children should be begin to learn about sexual development and sexuality. Previously, sex education has focused on the biological development of humans however in recent years programs have shifted towards integration of sexuality and sexual health promotion in response to sexual development withinRead MoreSexuality Within The Older Population1475 Words   |  6 Pages Sexuality within the Older Population Jonelle S. Allen LaSalle University Introduction Sexuality is an important core dimension of life that incorporates beliefs, cultures, rituals, attitudes, values, intimacy and pleasure. The expression of sexuality along with the desire for intimacy can be very complex especially for the older adult. Sexual dysfunction among older men and women commonly increases with age along withRead MoreIs Human Sexuality The Result Of Nature Or Nurture?1153 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction To Human Behaviour: †¨18435577†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ To what extent is human sexuality the result of nature or nurture?†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ The nature and nurture of the human sexuality has been a debate argued among researchers and scientists. With regards to human sexuality, both nature and nurture become an integral factor in making the sexual beings that we eventually get to be. From our hereditary inclinations to how our associates influence our advancement, our childhoods have a tendency to be one long trek intoRead MoreSexuality Is Defined By Sexual Orientation1538 Words   |  7 PagesSexuality is defined by â€Å"sexual orientation or preference† as well as the ability to understand the capacity of sexual desires. Same sex sexuality refers to sexual orientation also, but one’s preference towards someone of their same gender and the â€Å"erotic thoughts, feelings and behaviours† they assign to those of the same sex. Culturally, same sex sexuality is not always based on sexual ideals, acts that could be defined as being homosexual and appealing to those with same sex sexuality, oftenRead MoreSexuality, Sexuality And Sexual Orientation1111 Words   |  5 PagesDate: 5/5/15 Human Sexuality Sexuality is something that seems to dominate a lot of the world we live in. It’s in our schools, at work, and especially in the mass media. The way your body develops and the way you feel and respond to others sexually creates your sexuality (â€Å"Sexuality and Sexual Orientation†, Youthoria). It can shape and affect people’s lives as well as our own. Sexuality can be influenced by culture, religion, media, friends and experiences. Some people are very sexual, while others experienceRead MoreAn Individual’S Sexual Curiosity In And Enticement To Other1095 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual’s sexual curiosity in and enticement to other individuals; having stimulating feelings and experiences, speak to human sexuality. Different from sexuality, biological sex is classified through genetics, anatomy, hormones and physiology; female or male. An individual s intelligence of their own gender refers to gender identity or sociocultural classification, which is also set apart from sexuality; however, it is constructed on biological sex and shapes sexual orientation. Sexuality is practicedRead MoreThe Theory Of Sexual Liberation1644 Words   |  7 Pages in that there is more open attitudes to diverse sexualities and certain sexual acts are no longer seen as taboo/perverse. It is seen that we are now free to choose and explore these sexualities. However monogamous heterosexual relationships are still seen as what is â€Å"normal† in society therefore if British society claims to be sexually liberated why is what is seen as traditional still the most common type of relationship? This theory of sexual liberation is favoured by Giddens (1992) who seesRead MoreSexuality And Its Impact On Our Values And Experience Taught By Alfred C. Kinsey1649 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding our very own sexuality. Based upon our values and experience taught they are some of the determination factors that lead us to decide who we are attracted to in terms of gender. In today’s world there is variability in sexuality that has allowed people to accept it as a moral behavior. Yet they are people of religious faith who see sexuality on a whole another scale that is based on the ideas of heteronormativity and the rejection of what society see same sex practices. For me I internalizedRead MoreThe Cultural Matrix And Gender Identity1506 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"intelligible† genders [as] those which in some sense institute and maintain relations of coherence and continuity among sex, gender, sexual practice, and desire (p. 23).† That is, legitimate persons a re those whose gender matches their sex within heterosexual engagements. However, all persons should be intelligible. It is through the cultural matrix, of the cultural practices and political actions, that such normativity of intelligible identities is maintained. Furthermore, Butler (1999) affirmed this

Justice vs Revenge - 1325 Words

Justice is part of revenge; as also for revenge is part of justice. â€Å"Justice† comes from a Latin word that means â€Å"straight, fair, equal†, it’s the quality of being righteous and loyal towards one’s state, although serves the interests of the stronger (Hourani, 1962), while revenge is the act of taking retaliation for injuries or wrongs. What ever the circumstances are being the individual who experiences a unjust act, results in the hunt for one of these two things: Justice or revenge. What are the key differences between the two? Justice can be defined as the concept of moral rightness, which is based on the rules of law, fairness, ethics, and equality among the governed citizens. Revenge, on the other hand, refers to an action taken by†¦show more content†¦In ancient history or stories, children would avenge their parents’ death. In contrast, Jon Elster made clear that revenge is evil (1990). But is there any difference when we hand the murderers to be dealt with (to face a death penalty)? As mentioned by Thane Rosenbaum, â€Å"Governments warn citizens not to take justice into their own hands†, commenting on his words- isn’t â€Å"justice† here, in the hands of citizens, as same as â€Å"justice† within governments power (2011)? If you think that justice has more fairness, it’s not quite so. Revenge can sometimes be fair if we do the maths- do an equal amount of retaliation. Consider the scenario of the movie â€Å"12 Angry Men†, eleven jurors vote in favor of convicting the accused without even discussing a single shred of evidence that was presented at the trial. In the movie, if Henry Fonda wasn’t part of the jury, the boy would have been declared guilty and would have died (1957). However, Fonda decided to continue investigating and finally got to the bottom of the mystery. The boy was declared not guilty, but neither the play nor the movie tells us whether they saved an innocent man from death or whether they let a guilty man walk free. The movie emphasizes how important our judicial system is, and how much responsibility we have as citizens to become a jury of our peers and not rush into judgment, because as seen in the movie, jurors judged the accused based on their personal lifeShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Justice In Death And The Maiden1032 Words   |  5 PagesWhat if Romeo did not seek revenge for Mercutio’s death? Imagine a scenario where he instead sought for justice. Would the chaos be unleashed in the boulevards of Verona? In the play Death and the Maiden, Ariel Dorfman explores the idea of justice vs. revenge through a woman who wants to punish the man who drove her to this state of insanity while her husband Gerardo prevents her as he believes no one is above the law even her. In the meantime, the country of Chile was undergoing the process of truthRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet Essay1034 Words   |  5 Pages Actions speak louder than words. So in Hamlet written by Shakespeare there is a lot of dichotomy between words vs. actions. The basic idea of dichotomy is the difference between to similar ideas or actions. In the play Hamlet there are two ideas that are butting heads. These would be words vs. actions. In the play there is a lot of talking and saying stuff about other people and there is actions to be followed by the words that wer e said. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Integral Role Sentencing Plays in the Criminal Justice Process904 Words   |  4 PagesSentencing Plays In the Criminal Justice Process There are four philosophies that are considered when it comes to the sentencing of a criminal. These philosophies are: Retribution- Retribution is a philosophy that a wrong doer who has freely chosen to violate society’s rules must be punished. Retribution relies on the principal of â€Å"just deserts†, this holds that the severity of the punishment hold to the severity of the crime. This philosophy is not the same as revenge because retribution is moreRead MoreThe Revengers Tragedy Essay1554 Words   |  7 Pagesplaywright Cyril Tourneur, is a rich and compelling theatric play which functions as a social commentary for the Jacobean period when it was written. Themes such as the immorality and fickleness of women, and the subversion of personal justice over public justice serve as a multifaceted reflection of society’s values during that iniquitous era. These key ideas help secure this tragedy as a classic which has lasted throughout the ages, due to its constant relevance and engaging thematic values. Read MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe926 Words   |  4 Pagesstory about guilty conscience. The central character, Montresor, has been insulted by his rival, Fortunato, and vows revenge. He plans to entomb Fortunato in the catacombs below his house, and he establishes a set of guidelines for a successful revenge. As the plan progresses, however, Montresor loses his determination. Though Montresor does entomb Fortunato, he cannot savor the revenge because a guilty conscience consumes him for the next fifty years. Poe, a master of human nature, suggests with hisRead MoreSocial Justice Laws845 Words   |  4 PagesJustice Every action or decision we make is either justifiable or unjustifiable. Justice is usually decided by society or the norm. The norm changes from one society to another. However, there are always laws that can be broken, consequences that must follow, and punishment that must be imparted. Justice can be seen in two different ways, social and criminal. Justice is in the eye of the beholder because we all have different attitudes about right and wrong. Criminal justice is a termRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Hamlet1083 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet Sr and Gertrude. Disgusted by his mother’s marriage to his uncle, Claudius. He is profoundly reflective, but at times acts rashly (likely the result of the rage and grief that consumes him thanks to the circumstances). Has a desire to bring justice to those that have done him wrong. Claudius (Antagonist): Hamlet’s uncle and stepfather. Marries Queen Gertrude after murdering his brother, to Hamlet’s disgust. Hungry for power, Claudius’s actions portray questionable morals, but he shows signsRead MoreHamlet Is Notorious For Its Critical Theme Of Revenge1042 Words   |  5 Pages Suchit 1 Ms. Ward ENG 4U 28 July 2017 Hamlet Essay Analysis Shakespeare’s Hamlet is infamous for its critical theme of revenge. However, the constant conflict between action vs inaction insinuates a deeper concern. For starters, Prince Hamlet frequently creates excuses to delay his father s revenge. He is always thinking of the consequences that may result if he proceeds with his treason instead of avenging his father. On the contrary, Laertes is quick toRead MoreEssay Justice841 Words   |  4 Pages Justice nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Every action or decision we make is either justifiable or unjustifiable. Justice is usually decided by society or the quot;norm.quot; The quot;normquot; changes from one society to another. However, there are always laws that can be broken, consequences that must follow, and punishment that must be imparted. Justice can be seen in two different ways, social and criminal. Justice is in the eye of the beholder because we all have different attitudes aboutRead MoreJudge Jury, And Executioner Is A Revenge Thriller1616 Words   |  7 Pages JUDGE, JURY, AND EXECUTIONER is a revenge thriller. The story centers on a grieving detective and her investigation of a young woman’s murder. The script is driven by the theme of justice. The initial goal is clear and the stakes are life and death. The script presents with some intriguing and complex characters. The concept of investigating a murder and revenge is not new to the industry, but it’s a tried and true premise. The tone is dramatic and the script offers an intriguing twist at the

World Bank free essay sample

And then, critics argue the bank’s members are unaccountable. â€Å"In April 2010, Management presented a set of operational and institutional reforms aimed to enhance the overall effectiveness, efficiency, legitimacy, and accountability of the WBG† (WB, 2010). Some of these reform areas have direct implications on the governance of the institution, from the perspective of Board / Management relations, institutional accountability, and relations with external stakeholders. AS a result the Bank uses the methods to solve the current problems, such as reforming the voting system and presidential selection and makes the bank’s accountability. B. Governance: â€Å"Since the World Bank was established over 60 years ago, its role in supporting economic and social development has expanded and deepened with changes in the global context and the evolution in the financial architecture†(Jeff, 2007). The focus on strengthening internal governance systems and structures is driven by external and internal forces. There is little of bank basic structure has been altered, even though the World Bank’s members have been changed considerably. We will write a custom essay sample on World Bank or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The main problem of the World Bank’s governance is that developing country has weak link with bank’s decision making process, because they do not have their own executive director. â€Å"The World Bank’s internal governance mechanisms reflect the political and power relation which dominated World Bank’s politics in the decades following World War II. The five large shareholders in the Bank is the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, and France which maintain more than two-thirds of the voting power, effectively ensuring that decision reflect the policy views of America and western Europe†(Leech, D. 2003)). Developing countries influence on the Board of Executive Directors is limited. â€Å"The remaining 16 Board seats are split among 177† (Leech, D. (2003), this has the consist with large number of individual countries. People suggest two ways: one is reforming current voting system, and another is selecting the bank’s pr esident. 1. Reforming voting system: Many people argue the bank’s current voting system. When the executive board makes decision about loan or other policies, voting is not based on one vote per country rule. Voting power is weighted and is based on a country’s quota†(Leech, D. (2003). Under the current quota, â€Å"each country has base of 150 votes, the country which has good economic can add votes, it means one additional vote for each share of stock held by that country, which depend on that country’s relative economic and financial strength†(Daniel Kalinaki, 2002). For example, United State is a large shareholder, and it holds 16. 4% votes (see table below). Member of the country that holds large shares has more power than the poor country during decision making process. Unfortunately, the developing countries need more loans, but they have the least amount of voting power to make loan decision. The quota system dictates that a handful of developed countries hold a majority of shares, these members are able to dominate the bank’s decision making process. Table: Voting Weights and Voting Powers in the Governors Member countries have suggested proposal for reforming the voting system to Increase representation of the borrowing countries. Double majority voting is one reform that may enhance developing countries’ participation. Under this system, decision would require to pass by two majorities that are majority of shareholder votes and majority of developing countries votes†(World Bank Group, 2003). This would give developing countries more opportunities to say what they want to say, because decision would not pass without support with a majority. And this system also allows the industrialized donor countries and the developing reci pient countries to assert their claims. 2. Selection of the World Bank President The selection of president is another argument relating to bank governance. The board of governors selects the president for a five year, renewable term†( Jeff powell, 2007). According the bank’s Article of Agreement state: â€Å"Executive Directors shall select a president who shall be chief of operating staff of the bank and shall conduct, under the direction of the Executive Directors, the ordinary business of the bank†(World Bank Group, 2003), â€Å"the Board of Executive Directors selects the President, in practice the head of the Bank is selected by the United States while the head of the IMF is selected by Europe†( David Theis, 2010). This gentlemans agreement between the US and Europe reduces the legitimacy and credibility of the World Bank. No clear procedures exists for ensuring the qualifications of a candidate, nor does a process exist for other member states to review and question appointments. The World Bank President should be selected through an open and transparent process. Now, many people and the global expert and world bank employees disagree the way the president choice and argue that the selection process should be a democratic, not only focuses on one country. They think that United States is no longer valid to be president because the united state account for 16% of the world bank’s share now, it does not play a dominate role in world bank. It is also unfair that united state hold a monopoly over the World Bank’s leadership. Many people give the advice to the World Bank for changing in the selection process. The one way they support is selecting process should be open and based on merit. They believe that opening up the selection process will ensue among qualified candidates’ and it also like a competition, which help the World Bank to get qualify president. The way is simulate new voting system. The new president should pass double majority. This means the president should be approved by a majority of the member countries and group of countries representing majority. This gives everyone opportunity to select who is the best president. The World Bank responses the working group and makes suggestion for selection process. The working group advice (1) the selection should oversee cannot focus on single country. (2) They should have a specific standard for choose candidates. (3) Every country has opportunity to provide candidates†(Daniel Kalinaki. 2002). The most important is candidate that was selected should have more experience and qualifications, and the selection process should be open and transparent. C. Accountability Critics argue that the Bank is u naccountable to its members, because they have charter which is immunity from lawsuits. The bank’s charter grants the bank immunity to the extent that member countries or persons who can not sue the bank about it do not follow its police. And it is fail to make it more accountable. Therefore, many people advice that the bank need to improve their accountable. If the bank cannot show their accountable, the member countries cannot trust what the bank does. As a result, the bank develop many horizontal accountability mechanisms which including the operation evaluation department, the department of institutional integrity. 1. Transparency While the Banks internal governance structures minimize the ability for developing countries to engage, the lack of transparency in decision making reduces the effectiveness of external stakeholders to engage in Bank affairs. The lack of Board transcripts leaves stakeholders with no way of knowing where individual Executive Directors stood on issues. This reduces their ability to effectively advocate their position. â€Å"In 1933, the Bank restricted public access to almost every type of document that related to bank’s project. Consequently, people do not know bank’s lending operation, nd they do not know where their money is going†(Jeff powell, (2007) Public scrutiny harm the bank’s decision making and effect its deliberation, the reason why they do is they think that the bank does not have the rights to disclose the documents. It is borrowing country’s property. When the number of public scrutiny and criticism increase, the bank attempts to increa se its transparency. The bank has expanded the information that allows public to access. As we can see, the bank uses its website to show public what it is doing and publish more research to people. The website that bank published shows the thing it will do, and annual report and presentation. The bank starts to improve transparency policy and create operations manual, and this change make the bank is more accountable to their member countries. It also creates many mechanisms to enhance horizontal accountability, which means department can check the abuses by other department. 2. Dual Feedback Performance Dual feedback performance is an important part to improve governance structure and accountability framework of WBG (World Bank Group). The feedback system is agreed by the executive directors, and it will be a part of WBG’s governance and accountability with next presidential selection round. The main object of Dual feedback performance is creating a dynamic relationship between Board and Management to improve in governance and effectiveness of the Board and president. A Committee on Governance and Administrative Matters (COGAM) Working Group composed of Board and Management representatives was established to work on developing a framework for the dual feedback performance of the Board and President. COGAM discussed a report from the Board members of the Working Group and endorsed the report as a significant input to continued work on the framework, which would be taken up by a renewed, integrated Board-Management Working Group in the next term of the Board† (World Bank Group, 2003). Dual feedback Performance can help each other to measure their performance and it can cause the governance of the bank mo re reliable. Each of department monitor other’s action and the bank will be dependable, because everyone is under the control, and there is less collusion between the departments. The Board and president wish to begin with a structured conversation on their respective effectiveness, measure against the institutional achievement as captured by the corporate scorecard. Conclusion: To improve the World Bank internal governance and ensuring the consistent with Department for International Development’s own objective, reform must take place at The Bank to achieve transparence and responsibility. An improved policy on information discloses would foster transparency and enables stakeholders to hold the Bank and their representatives to account. Improved selection procedures for the President alongside more equitable control among member states on the Board of Executive Directors would expand ownership of the organization to developing countries thereby increasing legitimacy and enhancing credibility and effectiveness and developing countries more opportunities to show their opinions. An improvement of Dual feedback performance helps the World Bank has more accountability to all departments; each of department can monitor each other and everything they is under the control.