Risk Management of Legal Issues Affecting E-Commerce free essay sample

Hazard Management of Legal Issues influencing E-Commerce Introduction Risk the executives is the capacity to recognize, survey, and organize dangers relying upon the danger they presents on a business and the assets accessible. Most associations are working their business online these days. Numerous businesses, for example, banking, protection, selling of merchandise, offering of specific administrations are turning their tasks on the web. Web based business has numerous difficulties that take steps to make any association directing on the web business to fizzle. The capacity to recognize, asses, and think of answers for the dangers in the web based business industry is basic in guaranteeing achievement of the association. One of the significant difficulties of web based business is the legitimate ramifications among others. Because of the idea of online business that it is worldwide and that numerous individuals can get to it, lawful issues are a critical issue in the trade. Web based business is becoming quickly leaving the lawful frameworks in a battle to adjust to the developing business. We will compose a custom article test on Hazard Management of Legal Issues Affecting E-Commerce or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Moreover, web based business associations need to think of new methods and rules for the business. The development presents numerous issues on guideline and numerous lawful inquiries. How do specialists manage computerized content? Could national laws of a nation apply in the web business? Will there be insurance of security and assurance of information in the web? (Shah, Nagree, 2001) For any of the associations in the online business, supervisors should know about the legitimate issues. Given that for any business, the administration attempts to force guidelines, directors should know about these guidelines to have the option to prevail in the business. The web based business fast development causes the laws to change now and again to remember the progressions for the business. In this manner, directors should be comfortable with the changing laws and have a profound information on the law to have the option to settle on the best choices for the association regarding lawful issues. Ill-advised choices with regards to lawful issues can prompt the disappointment of a business. Rebelliousness with the laws may prompt numerous lawful results including the legislature compelling the association to close or robust fines, which may prompt numerous misfortunes prompting the disappointment of the business. Accordingly, the administration should know about the lawful worries of the business to guarantee consistence of the law is an every day schedule of the association. One case of the laws on online business that influence the organization is copyright laws. The copyright laws present numerous dangers to the endurance of the business. Hence, the administration need to distinguish these dangers, asses them, and create methods of relieving them to keep away from them influencing the association to a great extent (Spindler, 2007). The procedure of hazard the executives includes numerous different procedures. The main procedure of hazard the board is to distinguish the dangers. On account of web based business and the copyright issues, the administration needs to discover the dangers that copyright issues present to the business. The distinguishing proof of the dangers that copyright issues present must be at all the phases of the undertaking. At the point when another item is accessible, the association must gander at the copyright issues in any case. When there is a little issue with respect to the copyright issues of any item or the site itself, the administration must distinguish the little issue before it turns into a significant issue compromising the item. Along these lines, any association must have huge staff for hazard distinguishing proof including an enormous and educated legitimate advice to give the important advice on copyright issues (Bouridis, 2010). The subsequent advance to chance administration is examination of the hazard. Examination of the hazard is foremost in ensuring that an association manages the hazard to stay away from inconveniences. The investigation includes prioritization, correspondence with the applicable groups to decrease the danger. On account of copyright issues, when the group capable has recognized an issue on copyright of another item, the group must go ahead to examine the genuine danger that the issue posture to the business. The group must think about different dangers and assess them in this manner organizing which hazard to cover first and which hazard can pause. When the group has recognized the dangers that need prompt consideration, at that point they can go ahead to speak with different groups answerable for the item. On the off chance that the issue is with the site, the group must speak with the web engineers and different gatherings included looking for the path forward to address the issue (Shah, Nagree, 2001). The third means to hazard the executives is imagining the outcomes of the moves that an association makes for a specific hazard. The mindful groups must imagine the potential results of any of the moves they make to handle any issue. An issue with the copyright issues welcomes for specific activities from the capable gathering. The gathering must gander at all the conceivable outcomes of the move it makes. By taking a gander at the future prospects of an activity, the gathering can settle on the best game-plan. For instance, there may be two activities the mindful gathering can take to manage an issue, the gathering should take a gander at both the activities and settle on the best that will even maintain a strategic distance from such issues later on however not simply the activity that best tackles the difficult now (Bouridis, 2010).. The administration needs to get ready for the hazard. The means above require the arranging of hazard. A few dangers are critical, others must be prompt, and others basic. Every one of these dangers require uncommon consideration. Accordingly, the administration must arrangement on the most proficient method to al with the dangers relying upon their classifications. The dangers have a shifting level of hazard, some have a high hazard, others a generally safe and others medium hazard. The administration must arrangement on the best way to manage the dangers relying upon their level of hazard (Spindler, 2007). The administration should likewise follow the hazard. The administration needs to have a program that assesses a hazard now and again. Following the hazard every once in a while guarantees that the association has the information on new improvements on the hazard. The information on new advancements on the hazard guarantee that the association makes quick move when essential for an improvement that they didn't expect in conceiving the results that the hazard they took for moderating the hazard has (Nasir, 2004). The last advance to chance administration is control of the hazard. The control of dangers must go close by with the administration of an undertaking. If there should arise an occurrence of another item in the market, the administration of this new venture must go close by with the control of the hazard that the item presents. The copyright issues of another item in web based business present dangers to the business; accordingly, as the administration deals with the new item, it must undertaking to control the hazard that copyright issues present. The administration can do this by arranging, and taking successive arrangement to the control of the hazard (Shah, Nagree, 2001). Lawful Concerns in E-Commerce There are numerous legitimate worries in internet business. The major lawful issues in online business include; contracts, security, verification, protection insurance, information assurance, licensed innovation rights, space names, purview, obligation, and tax collection. Other legitimate issues in web based business are content guideline, notice, electronic installment issues, and remote direct venture. All these legitimate elements influence the business in one manner or the other. The legitimate concerns present dangers to the business that may compromise the benefits of the organization, lead to lawful intricacies, or even lead to the conclusion of the business. For a business to succeed, any association that leads its business online must take uncommon thought to the legitimate concerns. The capacity of an association to manage the lawful concerns will be vital in deciding the accomplishment of the business. Considering the ever-developing utilization of the web for business, the lawful issues are the significant test for the web based business associations. The administration must have the information on the lawful issues and think of an arrangement that will guarantee that the association can alleviate these issues (Spindler, 2007). One of the most significant lawful angles that an internet business association must think about is the agreements. Gatherings in that lead business online must concoct appropriate approaches to arrive at understandings online to guarantee that the agreements are strong. The character of gatherings is a significant worry in online agreements. The gatherings for the most part don't have earlier information on one another presenting vulnerabilities in the authority of the gathering, authenticity, and the position to enter contracts. Albeit advanced marks are there to help in recognizing parties on the web, various nations have various guidelines on the computerized marks. Along these lines, computerized marks between gatherings of various nations may carry issues to gets that they make. Issues in contracts pull in legitimate complexities in the association. The legally binding complexities may even prompt entanglements as far as scholarly and property rights (Bouridis, 2010). Purview Laws For web based business, clients are all through the world. The law expresses that in the event that any association obtains a client from another nation, at that point the association must protect the prosecution emerging from the nation. An association must audit any substance that it places on the site of its tasks to conform to the ward laws of the nation the association markets, sells, or advances its products and enterprises. In the event that the association doesn't audit the substance, an individual may sue the association by the purview of that other nation. Given that online business includes individuals all through the world, gatherings to an agreement may originate from various purviews. In the event that parties from various juri

Catcher in the Rye Symbolism

The Dangers of Isolation in The Catcher in the Rye It is ordinary to need to escape from the entirety of the issues of the world, yet it isn't typical to need to be totally disconnected from individuals. Holden needed to have no human contact what so ever, and that isn't typical. All through the book Holden communicates a defiant mentality toward the world, and this insubordinate disposition originates from his captivation by being distant from everyone else. He segregates himself from the world since he has not yet gotten himself and is looking. Holden feels that he should get himself alone with nobody else's assistance. Holden communicates his defiant side when he gets kicked out of school, once more. Holden doesn't care for school since he doesn't care for doing exercises that he becomes irritated for and sees no reason for doing them. Holden likewise is defiant in the manner that he smokes and beverages when he is a minor. He is an unreasonable smoker and goes to liquor to stifle his sentiments of sadness, which are indications of liquor addiction. This conduct isn't incredible, however is uncommon for a 16-year-old to turn into a heavy drinker. From this insubordinate disposition Holden gets disengaged from everyone around him. His first demonstration of separation with a mix of insubordination is when Holden doesn't go to the game in the start of the book. Everybody would have been there and he wouldn't like to resemble every other person. Getting kicked out of school is another case of him revolting and the reason for it being disconnection. After he leaves Pency, Holden gets together with an old companion of his, Sally. In the wake of spending time with her for some time Holden inquires as to whether she needs to flee with him. From this we discover that he wants to escape from the world. From this statement that Holden said we can advise the amount he needs to flee, â€Å"I figured what I'd do was, I'd imagine I was one of those hard of hearing quiets. That way I wouldn't must have any god dam inept pointless discussions with anyone. On the off chance that anyone needed to reveal to me something, they'd need to compose it on a bit of paper and push it over to me. They'd get exhausted as damnation doing that sooner or later, and afterward I'd be through with having discussions for the remainder of my life†(p 198). After being kicked out of school, Holden chooses to go on a little get-away. In this brief timeframe Holden experiences numerous tribulations. To get here and there Holden takes taxis. During these rides Holden inquires as to whether they know where the ducks go when the lake freezes over. The responses from the taxi drivers are distinctive each time, yet his repetitive worry about the ducks is by all accounts representative of Holden's craving for reason and heading. While he is without anyone else, Holden doesn't remain in one spot for long. He didn't have the foggiest idea where to go next simply as he didn't have a clue where his life was going. During his time without anyone else, Holden envisions turning into a hard of hearing quiet and fleeing. Holden needs to utilize his creative mind to feel increasingly associated with the world and his feelings. He does this on the grounds that in his dreamland he can control what occurs and, all things considered, he needed to do likewise. Towards the finish of the book, Holden loses increasingly more of his feeling of the real world. On the off chance that he had remained on this way he would have lost all feeling of the real world. These emotions that Holden had were each the reason for themselves. He propped up around in a ruinous and ineffective cycle, which would be difficult to break. Toward the finish of the book, Holden didn't ride the carousel since he needed to break that cycle. He needed to be there for his sister and see her grow up. He needed to be a piece of life, and the world. So as to do that he would require some assistance, and the psychological medical clinic was the ideal spot for the sort of help Holden required.

Business and Starbucks

1. For what reason do you think Starbucks has been so worried about social obligation in its general corporate technique? Starbucks isn't just worried about the accomplishment of the organization yet with the fulfillment of their representatives and clients. They understand and show they know without the clients they would not have the business. They guarantee ranchers can make benefits by paying more for the espresso; they put the client first and put them before their benefits. At the point when they have workers that are not fulfilled, they won't give the organization 100% of their capacity. They esteem their representatives so they reward them to keep their spirit up and keep them glad so they keep the clients upbeat. 2. What are the most commendable and huge speculations that Starbucks is making in its kin, items, stores and providers? Starbucks offers advantages to representatives on the off chance that they work at any rate 20 hours out of every week. This helps single parents on the off chance that they can't bear the cost of protection. They make beneficent gifts to support ranchers and the encompassing networks in exertion to help make a name for them. They attempt to make it more client cordial by joining things on their menus so clients can exploit having the option to get their morning meal and espresso at one advantageous spot. 3. What do you accept are the most huge moral reactions of Starbucks’ initiative and business technique? Starbucks are all over the place. I have individual issues with large box organizations driving out the mother and pop shops. They make it a hard rivalry for business visionaries to attempt to make it in this economy. I feel they should bolster the littler organizations all the more yet acknowledge they will stress over themselves first. 4. Is personal satisfaction in Albuquerque better or more awful in view of Starbucks? I feel espresso is a looked for after extravagance that nearly everybody appreciates. I have strolled by some Starbucks and have seen individuals on their workstations contemplating, chatting with individuals, and have seen some businessmen having gatherings. I figure it could carry a superior personal satisfaction to Albuquerque on the off chance that it has not as of now. I for one have followed through on the Starbucks cost for espresso and do especially appreciate having that sweet stimulating treat now and then. In spite of the fact that the economy presently doesn't permit a lot of space for extravagance possibly they will reexamine their costs later on to more readily fit the diminishing economy to keep the clients coming in.

Online Education is not Compared to Traditional Education - 825 Words

Online versus Traditional Education: The Legitimacy of Online Education is not Guaranteed Compared to Traditional Education (Essay Sample) Content: ONLINE VERSES TRADITIONAL EDUCATIONNameInstitutionIntroductionThe last decade has seen a proliferation of online education models as a means to expand education. This is due to the need to reach out to a wider market in the education sector, as it is with other sectors of the economy. It is also a result of the growing demand for education in geographically dispersed locations. This way, institutions, notably those offering higher education, continue to develop fully fledged curriculums for a wide array of courses, complete with projects, course works and examinations for distance learning. E learning is the most dominant approach to online education. Other approaches, such as MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) are gaining popularity, especially in cases where the Institution intends to offer free education.However, online education raises questions on the quality of learning, as well as the integrity of examination. It also evokes serious questions on the legitimacy and validity of qualifications acquired through the same, since this learning model differs from traditional education.ClaimThe legitimacy of online education is not guaranteed compared to traditional education.DataThe legitimacy of online education is challenged by the integrity of examinations that are done online, as well as the minimum thresh-hold for course work and classes attended. These variables are extremely difficult to consolidate for online teaching and professional development. Lai (2001) explains that for online learning to remain effective, it must seek to establish integrity and validity of academic concerns such as class attendance and a transparent method of examination. The lack of solid verification and validation means beyond access to the learning system compromises the legitimacy of online education.In addition, universities that offer certain forms of online education, notably, MOOCs, do not offer accreditation on the same. In fact, this model is simply use d to offer free information, and not the certification itself.The work of Holmes and Gardener (2006) suggests concepts and practices for online learning. Most of the propositions brought forward, such as interactions and the development of feedback structures seek to emulate traditional learning. These propositions point out to weaknesses inherent to online learning. The lack of physical presence and interaction among learners, and between lecturers and their students is probably the biggest weakness of online learning.The value of interaction and feedback in the learning process cannot be overstated. For learning to remain effective and efficient, the learning environment must facilitate open discussions for brainstorming and the exchange of ideas. Online education or e learning cannot fully simulate the conditions of a traditional classroom, regardless of the extent to which technology and innovation have been employed to achieve the same. Students not only need to learn from the teachers, but also from each other.Adaptive instructional instruments and materials are susceptible to failure. Thomas (2011) identifies this as a major drawback of online learning. This can be due to hardware faults, software issues, and compatibility across different technological platforms, wear and tear among many others. This is not the case with traditional learning. While the weaknesses of the information technology and infrastructure can be rectified with ease, they do amount to delays and inefficiency. This can lead to poor, failed or untimely delivery of class material.QualifierThe extent to which online learning is being embraced with notable success challenges any doubt that this method of learning is ineffective. In fact, there are no records of employers who place any bias in recruitment based on online or traditional education. This further proves that online education is legitimate and effective. In addition, the content of the syllabus, course works, academic projec ts and examinations is identical in online and traditional learning. This is an accurate indicator that the method of presentation does not affect the quality or legitimacy of online education. The lack of a defined set of variables to challenge the validity of online l...

Essay on An Analysis of Sexism and Its Effects on Igbo...

An Analysis of Sexism and Its Effects on Igbo Society There are a lot of things in the world that people take for granted. That is, until those things start to damage them. And slowly, but surely, the damaging starts to turn to destruction. By the time they realize their mistake it is too late. Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart takes place in Igbo Nigeria before and during its colonization by the white man. It centers around Okonkwo, a Nigerian man from the clan of Umuofia, who holds power and prestige and whose life is constantly dominated by anger and fear of being weak. Throughout the novel, one of the recurring themes is that of women and fairness in gender. Men and masculinity overall†¦show more content†¦The Oracle of the Hills and the Caves telling him to go home and work like a man is concrete evidence of the Umuofian superstition that masculinity is the preferred way of living. When the Oracle, the very religion of Umuofia, states that it is unmanly to be lazy and weak, it implies without statement that hard work and success are traits relative to masculinity. Such traits are generally agreed upon as very respectable and important in the eyes of most prosperous societies. Furthermore, when Okonkwo is farming yams with his eldest son Nwoye, he constantly faults Nwoyes efforts, because he believes that, Yam stood for manlinessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Okonkwo wanted his son to be a great farmer and a great man. He would stamp out the disquieting signs of laziness which he thought he already saw in him (32). Okonkwo thinks Nwoye is lazy just due to the fact that he is not a farmer of the masculine yam crop. His thoughts are proof that the Umuofians believe in superiority of masculinity and preference of masculine traits. The belief is so ground into the people that it is evident in several aspects of Umuofian life, including the agricultural economy that feeds the mouths of the clan, and even family. While manliness is considered a virtue, women and agbala are for the most part delegated to being subordinate to men, showing onceShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesLandscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American

Book Report Seven Habits of Highly Effective People

Oswald Angulo Project Estimating and Budgeting Prof. Thomas Hayes-Morrison Seven Habits of Highly Effective People Seven Habits of Highly Effective People starts off with an introduction to the concept of Paradigm Shift which is, essentially, a change in basic assumptions. Author Stephen R. Covey prepares the reader to have a change in mindset. Covey explains that there exists a different perspective amongst individuals. Two people can see the same thing but each individual can have a very different understanding from one another. The first three habits introduced in the book deals shifting from dependence to independence. Habit 1: Be Proactive This habit is about taking initiative in life and realizing that our decisions are†¦show more content†¦I have not been completely certain of how I wanted my life to be but now, at 33, I do not what I want out of life and what type of career I want to have. I m slowly building in more time in my day to focus on developing myself in order to reach my desired goals. Creating a plan that begins with the end in mind is definitely something I m starting immediately since reading this book. Habit 3: Put First Things First This habit is about prioritizing, planning, and executing a week s tasks based on importance rather than urgency. It requires that I evaluate whether or not my efforts exemplify my desired character values, propel me towards my goals, and enrich the roles and relationships discussed in Habit 2. I know for certainty that this is a habit I desperately need to acquire because mostly everything that I do is based on urgency. I always feel like I m working with unreasonable deadlines. I know that I ll be more effective and productive once I ve been able to prioritize my tasks based on importance rather than urgency. Habit 4: Think Win-Win This habit, along with the next two, deals with interdependence. This habit deals with genuinely striving for mutually beneficial solutions or agreements in my relationships. Valuing and respecting others by understanding that a win for all is a better long-term outcome than if only one person in the situation had gotten his or her way. This is definitely a habit I already have. I know what itShow MoreRelatedThe Habits Of Highly Effective People By Stephen R. Covey Essay1858 Words   |  8 Pages7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen R. Covey When I went through professor’s required book list, I recognized the book, 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, at my first glance. I do remember that I read its Chinese version which was a present from my grandfather almost ten years ago when I was a teenager. Shortly after feeling excited, I was a little embarrassed because I barely remember the 7 habits. 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Eriksons Stages of Development free essay sample

There are eight stages of development that Erikson suggests as psychosocial development, these stages are as follows; Stage 1 – this stage is the Trust vs. Mistrust stage, also known as the Infancy stage, which occurs between birth and one year of age. Erikson considers this stage the most fundamental. In this stage the child develops a since of security. Without this stage of development the child would fail to trust and live in fear. Stage 2 Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt also referred to as the Early Childhood stage, ages two to three years of age. This stage is second on the list and generates a greater sense of control within the child. Some examples of the child developing control is; gaining control of body functions, being able to choice their toys, and clothes and even food choices. Developing this stage helps the child feel confident, without it they will develop self-doubt. Stage 3 – next there is the preschool stage (ages 3 – 5), which is also referred to the Initiative vs. Guilt stage of development. This is when children begin to express their power through social interaction. This stage, developed successfully, helps children be able to lead and those how fail develop a sense of guilt. Stage 4 – Industry vs. Inferiority stage of development occurs between ages 5 to 11. This stage of development is best developed during early school years through social interactions. This is when they begin to develop a sense of pride and belief in their self. Those who don’t develop during this stage develop doubt or believe that they won’t be successful. Stage 5 – during the adolescence stage, children develop their independence. Children that receive proper encouragement will develop a strong sense of independence and control. Those who grow up not developing this stage are confused about themselves. Stage 6 Intimacy vs. Isolation stage occurs at the age of 19 to 40 years age. Young Adulthood develops personality that is vital to exploring personal relationships. Developing this personality leads to holding a committed relationship, while not developing it could mean loneliness and depression. Stage 7 Generativity vs. Stagnation also known as Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years). During these adult years, we tend to focus on building a family and career. Success during this stage creates a active person within the community and at home. Those who fail to develop this stage feel uninvolved in the world. Stage 8 Integrity vs. Despair is the final stage of life. People in the Maturity (65 to death) stage tend to look back on their life. This is a time when those that develop this stage get a since of accomplishment, integrity and satisfaction. Those that didn’t obtain development at this stage, feels like they have wasted their time and is filled with despair. Muhammad Ali is a great character example of Stage 7- Generativity vs. Stagnation and Stage 8 Integrity vs. Despair development. Muhammad Ali was one of the best athletes of my time. According to Erikson’s theory of development, Muhammad Ali at Stage 6 had proven Erikson’s theory by having a strong sense of himself and becoming successful. The sixth stage was basically the prerequisite for Stage 7. In Stage 7, Muhammad Ali had become successful as a mature adult and was able to feel that he could pass some of his skills to the next generation. At Stage 8, Muhammad Ali in his final stage of life, is able to look back at his life and at his achievements and get a since of accomplishment, integrity and satisfaction. At all Muhammad Ali accomplished his is able to feel proud and have no regrets. Even when confronting death, he knows he will attain wisdom. Dr. Martin Luther King is another great example of Erickson’s theory of development of Stage 6 and Stage 7. Stage 6 is defined as the Intimacy and Isolation years or Young Adulthood Stage. This development stage is normally developed somewhere between ages 20 – 40 years, but for Dr. King, this stage of development was most likely developed at the early part of his life. Erikson believes that at this stage in life people are struggling trying to find their identity through intimacy and isolation. Erikson stated, â€Å"Once people have established their identities, they are ready to make long-term commitments†. At stage 7, Middle Adulthood, Dr. King may have asked the question,† What can I do to make my life count? † During this stage of generativity has broad application to family, relationships, work, and society. Generativity, then is primarily the concern in establishing and guiding the next generation the concept is meant to include†¦productivity and creativity. †(Slater, 2003) Dr. King, in my opinion is the perfect example for validating Erikson’s theory of Stage 7. The task of developing his personality at this stage in order to contribute something to society and helping to guide future generations was accomplished. Dr. Martin Luther King was a perfect character for Erikson’s Theory Psychosocial Development. Eriksons Theory of Psychosocial Development is very interesting. I find it fascinating to be able to break down a person’s life in a way to see how they develop. I agree with Erikson’s theories totally. I can look at people I know and see the stages they missed in their life and if they are on track. Even looking at myself I realize where I need to be, so I can prepare for the Final stage (Stage 8) of my life. References: Cherry, K. , Eriksons Theory of Psychosocial Development Retrieved from http://psychology. about. com/od/psychosocialtheories/a/psychosocial. htm Allen, L. , (2008). What the Stages of Life are and What They Mean.

Web Influence Over Business Essays - Web Applications, E-commerce

Web Influence Over Business The Internet will greatly alter the structure and operation of all industries. For the management of any existing business the central question is not whether the Internet will be relevant to your business, but rather what will we need to do to profit from that change ( "The Internet" ). The Internet is evolving many aspects of business and it creates many new business opportunities. It is developing what is called the "New Business Environment", because it changes the way products are developed, distributed, marketed, sold, and serviced ( "Business on the" ). In theory, doing business over the Internet with consumers should be ideal however, many people are not comfortable with it yet. It will take a little while before most people are completely at ease and order products. First off, the Internet will provide many capabilities that will be very beneficial to a business. Some of the benefits include E-mail, Mailing Lists, UseNet, Telnet, FTP, Gopher, and of course the World Wide Web. All of these are a way to keep you informed and in touch with business associates and customers anywhere in the world ( "What can the" ). With an Intranet in place you've got an infrastructure for group applications, you don't need to install software on everyone's PC, they can just use their Web browser and while the main costs are in employee time, the cost of software has dropped significantly ( "Put Your Own" ). The effects of the Internet will take a decade or more to generally replace existing patterns of business. The Internet and its strategic impact are not technological issues, they are business ones ( "The Internet" ). Executives are likely to carry responsibility for whether their organization ultimately prospers or perishes in an Internet impacted world. The particular impact will differ between industries, so you need to identify the likely form of impact it will have on your industry and adopt appropriate strategies. A few threats are when using the Internet, competitors become relatively more effective, e.g. reducing costs, improving service and increasing sales impact. Also, some important customers or suppliers may have migrated exclusively to the Internet and are inaccessible in any other way. Some firms redefine the industry in a very fundamental way that threatens all existing competitors ( "The Internet" ). With the advent of the Internet, it has dramatically improved operational and sales effectiveness in numerous different applications. A few such areas are, on-line stockbrokers: such as E*Trade and Ceres, on-line travel agents, banks and other financial services: such as on-line banking systems, and insurance and fund management. Right now, there are many companies whose outreach is global such as Amazon.com and CD Now, soon all of the above areas will be global ( Daring ). Another area of the business environment that will be significantly changed due to the Internet are small firms, especially ones who wish to export. The Internet can relatively easily give small firms access to international markets, and engage in electric commerce ( Cragg ). However, not much is known about the use of the Internet by small firms, mainly because it is such a new method. An example of such an idea was taken advantage of by Elizabeth Botham & Sons Bakery. The bakery is located in a small town called Whitby in North Yorkshire and business is tough because it is geographically restricting and it is based in a very seasonable town. In order to do business and keep their staff hired year around the manager, Mike Jarman turned to the Internet. He found a company called Octagon Ltd., which helped him get started. Since going on the Web in 1995, the company has had over 25,000 potential customers visit the site and receives a dozen hefty orders a week ( "Yorkshire Bakery" ). The Web is a great distribution tool, the information you place on your Web site can be accessed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The Web can save you time and money in information distribution over traditional mail and printing methods ( Daring ). Rather than reading a static advertisement, your customers can go directly to their areas of interest and see an intriguing web page. They can get detailed information on your staff and services, browse your product lines, and get up to date information on what is happening in your company. One of the benefits of a web site is that your customer can respond to you directly ( Shaw ). Even though the Internet has

Spirals of Silence Expression of Opinion When the Climate of Opinion Is Unambiguous

Spirals of Silence Expression of Opinion When the Climate of Opinion Is Unambiguous Summary The article acknowledges that media plays a major role in determining the people behavior in expressing of opinion. The article states that evidence for Noelle-Neumann theory has not been in agreement with the theory itself due to the differences in public assessments of climate of opinion or rather the prevailing feelings of the people.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Spirals of Silence: Expression of Opinion When the Climate of Opinion Is Unambiguous specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article reviews a case of O.J Simpson trial which had aroused a great deal of inflated public attention. Two different groups; that is, Whites and the Blacks were divided on the guilt or innocence of Simpson. Majority of Whites believed in the culprit’s innocence. Climate of opinion will influence people’s freewill in expressing their sentiments in a public platform. Public opinion in this context has been used to refer to interpersonal communication and other matters that are discussed in a public setting. Political communication has been used in the design of the study to look like journalists soliciting for information from the people in public situations (Neill, 2009). Racial opinions in this instance, has been used to portray some element of agreement or interaction of the opinion among the people of same race as seen from the study. One would see other peoples opinion as being a threat to their own opinion especially if they are of a different race. Lastly, spiral of silence has been termed to mean that people whose opinions agree with those of the majority group in a public opinion were willing to make known their sentiments than the marginalized groups. Climate of opinion Climate of is a social science concept that describes an occurrence that is important to policy makers and the general public, as well as mass communication theories (Salwen Stacks, 2009). It refers to the perceived popularity of opinions. Climate of opinion is commonly used in media to express its consequence on both public opinion and popular opinion. In addition to this, the participants in media tend to influence the respondent’s opinion since they are perceived to be more liberal than ordinary members of the society. The existing climate of opinion will be of much influence to respondent’s response and may even not be willing to partake in such public forums that require expression of opinions.Advertising Looking for assessment on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The facilitators will influence people in that respective group in making their opinion depending on climate of opinion. The inhibitors of spirals of silence will say whatever they think is irrespective of the climate of opinion. Spiral of silence Spiral of Silence is a theory that was created by Noelle-Neumann (1974). He used it to reflect how the opinion of the majority can become the opinion of all. In addition, he stated that â€Å"Public opinion is the dominant opinion which compels compliance of attitude and behavior in that it threatens the dissenting individual with isolation and the politician with loss of support† (Noelle-Neumann, 1974, p. 45). Liu (2009) agrees that in the instance of spiral of silence, the individuals in minority groups will become more vulnerable and they will shy away from expressing their opinions. Rosseing (2009) in his paper argues that, spiral of silence is limited by a set of preconditions. An issue at hand which has a moral component that is, it arouses the people sentiments might push the minority group into spiral of silence. Political communication Political communication studies the relationship between the media, voters and politicians. It includes use of political propaganda by the government to win voters. This concept can be used to show how medi a organizations can be sued to create a good profile of a certain political candidate so that they can win elections. Public opinion Public opinion is the â€Å"collective evaluation expressed by people on political issues, policies, institutions and individuals† (Hayes, Glynn, and Shanahan, 2005, p. 67). Media organizations are a key avenue upon which public opinion is shaped. The media can be used to influence the public’s beliefs, attitudes and inclinations. Hayes, Glynn, and Shanahan (2005) argued that not all people will engage in self-censorship, which is tendency to show hesitation in expressing their opinions in public places even where major group disagrees with them. Racial opinion Racial opinion is the creation of a viewpoint that is biased against a particular racial group. For example, the black in America can be portrayed as inferior or corrupt by the American media houses.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Spirals of Silence: Expression of Opinion When the Climate of Opinion Is Unambiguous specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Strengths and limitations of the article Most of the issues discussed by the author are strongly corroborated by legitimate evidence, hence increasing their credence. The article argues that spiral of silence is limited by a set of precondition. An issue at hand which has a moral component that is, it arouses the people sentiments might push the minority group into spiral of silence. He empathizes that it is important to measure the moral component. The study does not give much attention to other precondition like influence of the social media, extreme conflict of opinions. Rapid changes in opinion distributions make spirals of sense easily observable (Rosseing, 2009). References Hayes, A. F., Glynn, C. J., Shanahan, J. (2005). Validating the Willingness to Self- Censor Scale: Individual Differences in the Effect of the Climate of Opinion on O pinion Expression. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 17 (4), 443-455. Liu, X. (2011). Exploring the spiral of silence in the virtual world: Individuals willingness to express personal opinions in online versus offline setting. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 3 (2), 45-57. Neill, A. S. (2009). The Alternate channels: how social media is challenging the spiral of silence theory in GLBT communities of color. New York: SAGE. Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974). The spiral of silence: public opinion, our social skin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Rosseing, T. (2009). Paper for the WAPOR Conference on Public Opinion and Survey Research in a Changing World. London: Mcgre.Advertising Looking for assessment on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Salwen, B. M., Stacks, W. D. (2009). An integrated approach to communication theory and research. Web.

Nursing research paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing research paper - Assignment Example of this research was to determine the effect of educating diabetic school children and their parents on the various coping skills for the diabetic patients. This was due to the consideration of the fact that, more than any other group, the diabetic children, more so those in adolescents had shown poor response to diabetic medication which according to researchers was as a result of lack of coping skills (Grey 2009). As such the question guiding this research was, â€Å"does the coping skills training (CST) influence the individuals responses to type 1 diabetes (T1D)?† In this research quantative methodology was used, whereby, the researchers established two groups of school children who were diagnosed with T1D. One of the groups was trained on the coping skills while the other was just given the general diabetic education (GE). However, there were certain requirements for the participants whereby they were required to: The researchers anticipated to use one hundred diabetic children as their most effective sample. However, they only managed to use 73 participants whereby, 53 children in the CST group and 20 in the GE group. In the determination of the results of the two groups, CST and GE, a correlation was established by the use of the standard deviation method, whereby 0.5 significance level, would have 98% power to detect a variance among the 2 group means of 04. 99% power to detect a variance among the 3 time means of .051, and 80% power to detect an interaction among the 2 group levels and the 3 time levels of .022, assuming that the common standard deviation is .04. However, this methodology was used on the assumption that the participants were a hundred as earlier intended. Additionally, descriptive statistics was used, whereby it was found that the majority of those who showed significance response to CST were predominately white and of high income (ibid). CST did not have the expected effect on child and family outcomes on the sample of school-aged

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example 03), Buchanan and Vanberg (1991), and Littlechild (1986) to conduct an in-depth study of three of the most fundamental processes of entrepreneurship namely the creation, recognition and the discovery of the opportunity. For the recognition of opportunity, an entrepreneur should know the nature of the situation at hand whereas the distinction between opportunity creation and discovery activates the entrepreneur’s ontological curiosity to question the existence of opportunity. Differentiating between the three distinct forms of the processes of entrepreneurship helps understanding the context i.e. opportunity recognition for the application of the typical understanding of risk and rationality. The author finds that several unexplored dimensions of the link between risk and rationality are reflected in the selected process of entrepreneurship, each of which is a potential area for conducting further research. Knight (1921) calls this true uncertainty. The author comments upon num erous aspects of the claims made by Knight (1921). The use of probability theory for framing the risky decisions precedes the precursors of Knight’s claims. Knight’s emphasis upon the link between rationality and decisions to maximize the results of the statistical probability is consistent with the thinking that cultivated in the age of the Enlightenment of Europe. The author finds that the conventional perspectives of the risk and rationality are based on a lot of restrictive assumptions that contrasts with the exploratory nature of the innovative processes. In the latter part of the research the author identifies the insinuations of the process-contingent trait of the risk and rationality. The author asserts that entrepreneurs frequently switch among different rationalities rather than sticking to a particular kind of rationality. Entrepreneurs display various rationalities contrary to the conventional understanding of the risk and rationality as the supporting fact ors of the

Transition from Print Media to New Media Essay Example for Free

Transition from Print Media to New Media Essay New media has emerged from the print media. But its target audience is different from that of print media. Today, we have young readers getting attracted towards new media. This is because they feel that they really don’t need to waste their time reading when they could easily see or watch whatever they want to with audio and video, now a days the younger generation has gained a presence for it due to advances in technology and just reading a book for â€Å"fun† has started to become something of the past. The first news websites were launched by media houses around 1986. But, as you have already studied, these web editions were simply replicas of the respective print editions. The function of these websites was nothing more than generating awareness about the existence of these media houses. The actual transition in India happened after 1996 when several independent media houses tried to bring out a news website. But after 2000, most of the independent media organizations along with their websites closed down. That was the time when the phenomenon of convergence became popular. Convergence means the coming together of different forms of mass media. Ever since the first murmurs of electronic media, print media has always felt an undue threat, first from the radio and then from television. And now the Internet is seemingly up against the vast and widely spread print media. When the radio came in the early 1930s, everybody felt that newspapers would become obsolete. When television came in the 1950s, people and even experts felt that nobody would get the time for or feel the attraction of the written word. But everyone was wrong. Each media has managed to create its own time and space across cultures and around the world. However, the print media too, be it the newspapers or books, has been able to hold its own. Consider this – the circulation figures of major newspapers around the world have only increased over the years; publishers too come up with a deluge of books and new magazine titles pop up from nowhere every day. Alternatively, there are thousands of TV channels, even more radio stations, and the infinite Internet. In this deluge of information, where every media is fighting for attention, who wins? Nobody actually. Thanks to the distinct features, the ease of use and the reach of every media, they all have managed to create a specific target audience or readership for themselves. There is a little bit of appeal for everyone in every media. Information, knowledge, entertainment, fun, and serious business – all these things can be found in every media now. Now it is only left to the audience to choose what suits them. There lies the competition, which nobody has won yet. And nobody might ever win it completely ever. It’s true we are bombarded by images and sounds from various electronic media, which has shortened our attention spans. This quick deluge of information suits many of us who are hard pressed for time and because of this very few people get the time to read. Everyone wants content in a flash. The Internet has proved to be the most effective media here, where knowledge is literally at your fingertips. You type in what you want, and you get the results in milliseconds – in whatever form you want. There are now online editions of most standard newspapers. This is also the reason you have ebooks now. But how many people have access to the Internet? 10 percent of the population in India and just 8 percent over the world. Where do the rest of the 90 percent go? They turn to newspapers, the TV or radio. But, it is only a matter of time till the fast-spreading Internet is accessible to the rest of the people and a majority will look to it for most of their needs. So in such a scenario, is it just the print media that is dying? Is it not TV and radio too? Although, it is the print media which seems endangered, it is a fact that the success of any media tells upon another media. It is only a tug of war going among these, where the centre gets oscillated between the ends. Each has been devising ways to deal with the plus points of the other. TV is getting interactive, radio is getting gripping, newspapers and books are trying to get more attractive with the incorporation of visuals and graphics and interactivity to some extent, and all of them together are going online. Adaptability is crucial for existence. The bottom-line is if the print media continues to adapt to the changing media habits of people and corner its target readers well, it will survive. And it ought to do that for its good. Somehow, there is a feeling that even if it fails in that, the power of the written word will always be supreme. So while traditional media’s old channels – print and broadcast – are floundering, their online properties are thriving. In fact, I’d argue that the influence of traditional media outlets like theNew York Times and CNN are greater than ever. The internet and social networking sites have given traditional media outlets an audience beyond their once limited geographies. For example, take the Boston Globe. By all rights the Boston Globe’s circulation is in free fall. New England’s largest daily newspapers once bragged about a circulation of more than 700,000 and now finds itself below 300,000. There is little doubt that the print product for the Boston Globe is heading to obsolescence. But look at its other â€Å"new† delivery channels: * Boston.com receives an average of 4.2 million unique views per month in 2010. More than 5.500 other sites link to its content * The Boston Globe has more than a dozen Twitter channels – from books and movies to the Bruins and local news – that is followed by tens of thousands of people * The Boston Globe Facebook page has more than 6,500 people liking it The Boston Globe is also providing video and audio content. It even has a free smart phone application. Their audience is actually greater now than it has ever been. These new channels will continue to grow. So while traditional outlets are still struggling to fully monetize these new channels – they have jumped into online and social channels in a big way. People are getting their news on different channels (and in different formats), but they are still relying on traditional media outlets to deliver it to them. Traditional media – new and old alike – are reinventing journalism and news delivery. Don’t forget that. Media outlets still pack an enormous audience and have an even greater ability to influence people – from what books to read to what products to buy. Media relations isn’t dying – it’s just moving online and onto social networks. The media industry has always adapted to meet the changing needs of advertisers and to incorporate new technologies into their service and product offerings. Over the last two decades this industry has changed at a breakneck pace that is no longer a series of adjustments but a wholesale evolution of the industry. New media have entered the arena while others have been forced to evolve to avoid becoming obsolete. These changes have been driven by advancements in technology, consumer media usage and the almighty dollar. Perhaps no media has been more challenged by these changes than print. While print media has been the hardest hit, talk of its extinction is premature and ignores the fact that it has and continues to play a significant role in consumer marketing. Print media is here to stay but its form and role will never be the same again. Like all media forms, print has evolved over time and has been undergoing a period of considerable change that began prior to the recent recession. Newspaper ad revenues have been experiencing significant decline since 2001 while penetration has been declining in many key segments since the early 1970’s (see chart). This decline has been less pronounced with readers age 55+. As more tech-savvy baby boomers reach retirement, the decline seen in younger segments will likely be matched by the older segments. In order to combat the decline in all age groups, print media has diversified their offerings and taken steps to acquire new readers while cutting costs. Nearly all newspaper and magazine publishers have added complementary websites to their offering. In an effort to attract younger readers major publishers such as the Tribune and Sun-Times Media Group launched free circulation newspapers geared towards their target audience. Magazines such as Road Track and Sports Illustrated have provided unsolicited free 6 month subscriptions followed by a renewal subscription contact strategy thereby providing a free trail. In an effort to cut costs, some publications have abandoned long standing formats. On February 8th 2010 the Chicago Tribune trimmed its traditional broadsheet format to reduce costs and changed their editorial ratio as part of their bankruptcy agreement. As print revenues continue to decline profits are improving and should it be determined that these acquisition efforts and format changes played a key role, it is likely that other publications around the country will follow. Online advertising has benefited from regular techn ological advances and has become a mainstream advertising medium now representing 12% of total ad spending compared to 34.6% for print. [1] The explosive growth of online advertising has tapered off and for the first time experienced negative growth in the first quarter of 2009. Internet advertising spend grew 37.5% between 2005 and 2008 while print declined 29.9% over the same period.[2] However, the decline of print has not been made up by growth in online advertising. Changes in the media industry have impacted the two primary components of print media in different ways. For a long time, newspapers enjoyed the highest penetration levels of any media. This began to change with the introduction of television and its increased usage. Over the past two decades this evolution has been most impacted by a culture that thrives in convenience and demands their information in â€Å"real-time†. These have never been the strengths of print but proclamations that print is dead ignore prints strengths. These strengths have begun to show their worth as online advertising has failed to carry the same perceived value that even the wounded print industry maintains to this day. The very nature of the internet makes it impossible to completely replace print media. Print retains characteristics not replicable through vehicles: browsability, credibility, tangibility, size, inserts, ad impact, ad content, and usability. Print will have to redefine its niche, purpose and approach, but it has been a proven vehicle for marketing communication and the differentiating strengths it retains will help it survive. The internet has only partially succeeded at supplanting print as a news source. Journalism has been supplanted, in part, by blogs, and independent sources that lack both the clout and professional reputation of long standing institution such as the Wall Street Journal. Advertisers also have a vested interest in seeing print survive. The ability to reach large numbers of baby boomers and older consumers, with their considerable spending power through a tangible vehicle, will help support print through this transition period. There is no doubt media is undergoing a metamorphosis. For print, this future is unclear but the overall demise of print media is grossly exaggerated. Print is undoubtedly undergoing a significant change, one that will redefine its niche and better position it for the future. Media has always adapted to the needs and desires of its consumers and advertisers and this change is no different. Only time will tell the fate of print, but that fate is far from decided.

How does Golding convey Jack’s regression to a more savage state? :: English Literature

How does Golding convey Jack’s regression to a more savage state? William Golding conveys Jack’s regression to a more savage state in many different ways. One of the ways in which he does this is by using the setting. The fact that wild plants and creepers are growing almost everywhere around Jack is a typical stereotype of primitive land. Jack did not seem to be trying to avoid them, which could suggest that he has already started getting used to them, as a savage or primitive being would be. Also, Jack had not planned the way that he was going to take when travelling through the forest; instead, he just followed faint trails and hoped they would lead him to what he wanted. By doing this, he was already thinking like a savage. Jack seemed to have a very close connection with the forest that he was hunting in. With only small signs, he was able to realise that the forest was inhabited as other creatures, creatures that he was trying to hunt. Also, Golding describes the forest like he describes Jack, for example when he says ‘the forest and he were very still’. This emphasises the close connection between the two. Another way in which the author conveys Jack’s regression to a more savage state is by making him seem more animal like. Savages are thought of more as animals than people, therefore the animal-like description is very effective to show Jack returning to his savage roots. When searching for prey, he was described as a dog in more than one way, ‘his nose was only a few inches from the humid earth’, just like a dog or wolf hunts, and ‘dog-like, he was uncomfortable on all fours’. There were also some more subtle ways in which he was indirectly compared to animals that were savage-like. He was becoming hairier than he was before, just like an ape. This suggests the reversal of evolution. Also, he was almost naked, apart from his knife belt. This much like a savage or animal, but the fact that he was not at all embarrassed by this was even more significant. In our modern day world, walking around naked would be thought of as a taboo and is even illegal in a lot of places, but in the time that savages were around, it was very common for them to walk around wearing close to nothing. This is exactly the state of mind that Jack wants to revert to in order to hunt like a savage. Jack was also starting to use his senses more effectively like animals. ‘His nostrils flared’.

Autocratic Leadership

1. Nowadays there are several leadership styles being employed to run the organization in order to achieve the goals. One of the leadership styles that being used is autocratic style, which tell people what to do. The autocratic leadership style is always defined as excessively demanding with basically a one-way of communication. The leader will have the legitimate power to coerce subordinates to accomplish the mission. Decision-making comes from only leader and is not shared. Nevertheless, authoritarian can be useful in the under pressure situation. Leaders sometimes have to utilize this type of leadership to achieve their goals. This essay will argue that autocratic leaders are not always ineffective. This will be argued by some examples and reasons why autocratic leaders could bring about the benefit to the business and military organizations. 2. Autocratic leadership style is to put pressure on the employees or subordinates. However, in the workplace or military organization, some scenarios may require for prompt action. In these circumstances, an autocratic style of leadership can be the best style to adopt. Surprisingly, many employees have been working with an authoritarian and have a few issues to familiar with that style. One of a good example of an autocratic leader is Martha Stewart. She built her empire with personal attention to every detail. Whether people admire Martha Stewart or not, she never strays away from being careful and demanding. She's very successful in her endeavors, and often uses an autocratic management style. Many critics might argue that it was her autocratic leadership style that made her a success in the entertainment industry, which is an extremely competitive environment. Others might argue that even more success might have awaited her had she not relied so heavily on such a demanding and potentially damaging style. 3. Another circumstance where autocratic leadership can employ appropriately is while doing the projects in group. Many group projects seem to be failure because group members express their own decisions and lead to conflict. In such circumstance may need an authoritarian who can make and determine decisions for the group. The leader should seek the solution in which method the project can be done, delegate the task among the members, and make sure set the time for completion of the task. Steve Jobs, for instance, who is one of the successful autocratic leaders. He seems to be very authoritative. His decisions were made with slight consultation, and his decisions were made faster making him to react to changing in tendency of the business environment more quickly. The Environmental challenges which includes facing their rivals such as Microsoft. 4. In conclusion, some people argue that autocratic leadership style can never lead to success, but what it can achieve is to assist the process and run it into being a completion. Autocratic styles of leadership are becoming less and less applicable but there are still many contexts in which they work. During the first stage of Entrepreneurial organizations will rely on this type of leadership in order to make a decisive decisions and effective. However, it can be recommended that if leader utilize autocratic leadership should apply it wisely. Otherwise, it will be getting worse if use it in a wrong way.

The Construction Of The Modern World - 2135 Words

The construction of the modern world can be attributed to several factors over the past hundred years. The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in our history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. There were numerous signs economic and socio-economic changes that exhibited unprecedented and sustained growth by new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes. This sustained growth was attained mostly through the innovation and industrialization of ‘technological’ modernization as it set forth the foundation to the continuation and growth of newer processes. Robert Pool, the author of Beyond Engineering, How society Shapes Technology, examines how society has shaped technology – divergent to†¦show more content†¦But for better or for worse, technology has reached the point of where no individual can understand completely how, say a, petrochemical plant works, and no team of experts can anticipate every possible outcome once a technology is put to world† (Pool, 9). Technology since the industrial revolution has become increasingly complex. The impact during technological growth is unknown culturally even to a scientist. The industrialization era has launched an expansive technological evolution; the diversification and implementation of technology has caused rapid transformation of our societal culture. Two decades ago, you would have had to write a letter to communicate with others who live far away. If you missed an episode of your favorite show, you would have had to wait for reruns; and for updates on the news you would have to pick up a newspaper. These are but a few ways the Internet has changed human experience thus transitioning us to our modern world. It was the introduction of technology in use of the Internet platform during this century that has led to a new mode of human existence. In Lee Siegels, Against the Machine: Being Human in the Age of the Electric Mob, he writes â€Å"the Internet is possibly the most radical transformation of private and public life in the history of humankind† (Siegel, 40). The development of the industrial revolution with regard to technological changes has led to transform our